On November 21, the Special Autonomy for Papua is now 20 years old since the issuance of Law Number 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Province of Papua.
The Papua Special Autonomy Policy is inseparable from the long history of friction between the Papua region, which was then still called Irian Jaya, and the Central Government prior to the reform.
At that time, the sentiment of injustice received by Papua had given rise to various turmoils in the past that led to the process of disintegration. This is a response to the socio-economic injustice experienced by the Papuan people.
Such weaknesses trigger demands for the right to enjoy the results of development fairly for the Papuan people.
The conditions at that time coincided with the economic crisis experienced by Indonesia in 1998 which prompted the birth of a reform movement that changed the national political, social and economic landscape.
The momentum for major change was used by the people and the elite in Irian Jaya to reform the relations between the Center and Irian Jaya.
The goal is to place Irian Jaya as an area that has the same development priority as other regions in Indonesia.
In 2000-2001, the Papuan delegation fought for a policy of “special autonomy” for Papua.
After going through a comprehensive study and involving various related parties, the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR) and the then President gave their approval to issue a special Autonomy (Otsus) policy.
"In the form of Law no. 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Papua Province, which was signed by the President of Indonesia, Mrs. Megawati Soekarnoputri on November 21, 2001," said Director of Special Autonomy and DPOD of the Ministry of Home Affairs Valentinus Sudarjanto Sumito.
Then in 2003, President Megawati also issued Presidential Decree (Keppres) No. 1 of 2003 which divides the province of Papua into two namely Papua and West Papua in order to encourage the land of Papua to be advanced and equal to other regions.
Currently, the government is refining Papua's Special Autonomy in order to provide maximum efforts in developing Papua.
The special autonomy of Papua and West Papua was actually born with the spirit of developing Papua by accelerating all aspects to make it better.
Positive impact
After Law Number 21 of 2001 was issued and started to be implemented on January 1, 2002, all Indonesians hope to witness the positive changes that have occurred in Papua.
It is hoped that the turmoil that has been experienced politically can be quelled through this policy. This policy is also considered to be able to answer various aspirations and demands that the government pay more attention to Papua's development.
There are four priority programs of special autonomy to spur the development of the people and the Papua region, namely education, health, people's economic empowerment, and infrastructure development.
After running for approximately twenty years, in general there is an increase in welfare in Papua and West Papua as a result of the special autonomy policy.
The human development index (HDI) increased quite significantly, from 54.45 in 2010 to 60.84 in 2019 for Papua (an increase of 6.4), and from 59.6 in 2010 to 64.7 in 2019 for West Papua (an increase of 4 ,9).
The average increase is better than the national average of 0.53 per year.
The number of poor people in Papua also decreased from 50 percent in 1999 to 27.74 percent for Papua and 23.01 percent for West Papua in 2019.
In the field of education, statistical data shows that there is an increase in the quality of education in the provinces of Papua and West Papua, although it is not yet significant.
Meanwhile, the average length of schooling (RLS) in Papua Province increased by 0.89 years from 5.76 years in 2014 to 6.65 years in 2019 and for West Papua Province it increased by 0.31 years from 6.96 years in 2014. to 7.27 years in 2019.
HLS and RLS Papua and West Papua from time to time actually continue to increase even though the numbers have not yet reached the national average.
Furthermore, judging from the illiteracy rate, the decline in illiteracy rates in the provinces of Papua and West Papua is quite significant.
On average a decline of 1.69 percent per year for Papua and 0.64 percent per year for West Papua, the total national illiteracy rate decreased by 0.43 percent per year.
In relation to infrastructure development in Papua and West Papua, it can be seen from the statistics on the percentage of access to proper drinking water that there is also an increase.
The average increase in access to safe drinking water is 1.73 percent per year for Papua and 4.07 percent per year for West Papua.
In addition to access to proper drinking water, there is also an increase in access to proper sanitation in Papua with an increase of 1.55 percent per year and in West Papua with a percentage of 4.13 percent per year, while the national figure is recorded at 2.42 percent per year. year.
The Importance of Autonomy
This special autonomy policy is a policy that is expected not only to solve conflict problems but also to accelerate development in Papua and this special autonomy has at least an aspiration.
The first goal, of course, is to improve the people's standard of living. Second, as an effort to realize justice, uphold human rights, rule of law, and democracy.
The third goal is to recognize and respect the basic rights of the Indigenous Papuans (OAP). And fourth, efforts to implement good governance.
To achieve this goal, there are several very affirmative institutional designs in the Papua Special Autonomy Law.
First, the law gives very special attention and partiality to the rights of indigenous people or Papuans by providing a very broad space for political participation and providing protection for local and customary values in Papua.
These rights were first realized by the establishment of the MRP as a cultural representation of indigenous Papuans. DPRP which was appointed from the representation of customary territory (OAP) and expanded again by Law 2/2021, the DPRK was appointed from representatives of indigenous tribes.
Second, the Papua Provincial Government has a fairly broad authority compared to other provinces as part of the Papuan specialty.
In addition, unlike other regions, special autonomy is located at the provincial level where the provincial government has more dominant authority than the district/city governments so that it can delegate, coordinate and control the implementation of the Papua Special Autonomy Law.
The Special Authority for Fields according to Law 2/2021 junto PP 106/2021 is divided into 7 development clusters and 33 affairs, namely, education and culture, 2 affairs, health 1, social affairs, 1 affairs, population and manpower, 3 affairs.
Next, there are 13 affairs for the economy, 10 affairs for sustainable development and the environment, 3 other authorities for affairs/ASN, districts and regional institutions.
Third, apart from providing sufficient space so that OAP is not politically marginalized, the Provinces of Papua and West Papua receive an allocation in the form of special autonomy funds, the amount of which was originally 2 percent to 2.25 percent.
The funds come from the general national allocation fund and additional infrastructure funds (DTI), as well as oil and gas revenue-sharing funds with different calculation formulas.
The purpose of providing these funds is so that Papua can accelerate development in Papua.
So that Papua can compete with other provinces in terms of education, health, people's economic empowerment, environment and sustainable development, social, as well as labor and population.
The implementation of the new system in the Amendments to the new Papua Special Autonomy Law (UU 2/2021 in conjunction with PP 106/2021 and PP 107/2021) has implications for community life in Papua.
The implication is the sustainability of development in Papua by extending the validity period of the Special Autonomy funds in Papua and West Papua.
The sustainability of the Otsus funds will be followed by improvements in financial governance from the planning, budgeting, administration, implementation and supervision processes by involving all related parties and providing wide space for OAP from various aspects.
Namely political aspects (appointed DPRP/DPRK), government (Gub/Vice Governor of OAP and ASN OAP priorities), development (authority in all fields), representation of traditional, religious and women leaders through the MRP institution.
The seriousness of realizing acceleration in Papua is certainly not enough to be realized by mere regulation, it needs support from all parties, both from the Papuan community and the entire Indonesian nation, working hand in hand to build and support Papua.
SOURCE: https://portalnawacita.com/otsus-dan-semangat-menbangun-papua/
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